The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792: A Political History

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 10
List of tables......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 14
Pronunciation guide......Page 16
A note on terminology and measures......Page 17
Maps......Page 19
Genealogical table......Page 23
Introduction......Page 24
1 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth......Page 25
2 The Polish Revolution, the Catholic Church, and the historians......Page 29
3 Decision-making in a republican polity......Page 37
PART I: PLUNDER......Page 48
1 The bishop and bishopric of Cracow......Page 50
2 The sejmiks of August 1788......Page 58
3 The instructions of 1788......Page 64
4 A comparison with the cahiers de doléances......Page 69
5 ‘An ill humour against the clergy’......Page 72
1 The inauguration and confederation of the sejm......Page 75
2 The army and the Military Department: 13 October–3 November 1788......Page 76
3 The ‘public’ in revolutionary Warsaw......Page 80
4 Casting off the Russian guarantee: 5 November 1788–19 January 1789......Page 83
5 The implications for the Catholic Church......Page 86
1 Staszic, Nax, Kołłątaj......Page 88
2 Ecclesiastical temporalities and public utility......Page 93
3 The patriotic paradigm......Page 100
1 The episcopal response to the threat......Page 102
2 ‘Who is poorer than the Fatherland?’ 12–16 March 1789......Page 105
3 Disputes over tax reductions and exemptions: 17–20 March 1789......Page 113
4 Baiting the primate: 19, 23, and 24 March 1789......Page 115
5 Catharsis and controversy: the ‘Perpetual Offering’ and the peasants......Page 119
6 Implementation......Page 122
1 Patrimonium Reipublicae?......Page 125
2 The king’s predicament: between Lucchesini and Stackelberg......Page 127
3 Trading the bishopric of Cracow......Page 134
4 The dénouement: 17 July 1789......Page 136
5 Equalizing the bishoprics: 20–24 July 1789......Page 141
6 A political turning point......Page 148
PART II: COMPROMISE......Page 154
1 Pawlikowski, Kołłątaj, Staszic......Page 156
2 The discourse of scandal: anti-clerical pamphlets......Page 162
3 Defences of the clergy: Canons Skarszewski and Jezierski......Page 165
4 In the columns of the press: France and the Habsburg Monarchy in turmoil......Page 168
5 Providentialism and covenantalism in pastoral letters and sermons......Page 170
7. On the brink of schism: August 1789–May 1790......Page 174
1 \'The temporality of the Church of Cracow’......Page 175
2 The ‘clerical deputation’, the episcopate, and the nuncio: preparations......Page 180
3 Recruitment, local government reform, and the Educational Commission......Page 183
4 Religious dimensions of the urban and constitutional questions......Page 185
5 The negotiation of a compromise: October 1789–May 1790......Page 191
6 Deus ex machina......Page 199
1 ‘When war is a hair’s breadth away from us . . .’......Page 202
2 Episcopal salaries or estates? 25–26 May 1790......Page 203
3 National sovereignty and noble equality: the Duchy of Siewierz, 27–29 May 1790......Page 206
4 A measure of episcopal reform: 29 May–1 June 1790......Page 210
5 Among ‘lesser matters’: the Ruthenian rite......Page 213
6 High noon for abbots, and the limits of reform......Page 217
7 Implementation......Page 222
9. ‘Une renaissance de barbarie’? The autumn of 1790......Page 229
1 The Project for the Form of Government......Page 230
2 The dominant faith and tolerated faiths......Page 235
3 Controversies in advance of the sejmiks......Page 239
4 ‘So much fury against education’ and the call to restore the Jesuits......Page 241
5 Anti-clericalism and local ecclesiastical interests......Page 252
6 Social, political, cultural, and fiscal questions......Page 255
7 An inexperienced but enlightened new cohort?......Page 257
PART III: PROVIDENCE......Page 260
1 The preoccupations of the sejm: December 1790–March 1791......Page 262
2 The Law on Royal Towns: citizenship, toleration, and religion......Page 264
3 The Revolution of 3 May......Page 271
4 The Revolutionary leadership......Page 275
1 A ‘miracle of the Divine hand, delivering us from ultimate calamity’......Page 279
2 Referendum: the sejmiks of February 1792......Page 282
3 Apotheosis: 3 May 1792......Page 289
1 A whip, an aspergillum, a stove lid, and a file......Page 296
2 ‘The French contagion’......Page 300
3 The return of the primate......Page 304
1 Rome and the Code of Stanisław August......Page 307
2 Plans for ‘uniform and public education’......Page 312
3 The question of the ex-Jesuits at the sejm......Page 313
4 The Police Commission and the Catholic Church......Page 317
5 The battle for ecclesiastical censorship......Page 319
1 Raison d’état versus raison d’Église......Page 323
2 ‘So that no clergyman would be useless in his condition’......Page 326
3 Autocephality for the Orthodox......Page 330
4 The final effort to reform the Catholic clergy......Page 334
5 A Ukrainian coda......Page 337
1 Epilogues......Page 339
2 Explanations......Page 343
3 Legacies......Page 352
Select bibliography......Page 355
C......Page 367
M......Page 368
S......Page 369
W......Page 370
B......Page 372
C......Page 373
F......Page 376
G......Page 377
K......Page 378
L......Page 379
M......Page 381
P......Page 382
R......Page 386
S......Page 387
T......Page 389
W......Page 390
Z......Page 391