Monitoring Climatic Change with Dragonflies

Monitoring Climatic Change With Dragonflies......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Monitoring climate change with Dragonflies: Foreword......Page 8
How to study multiple risks: setting the scene......Page 10
How to study multiple risks: the ALARM approach......Page 11
Scenarios, narratives, models, and strategy development......Page 14
Th ree basic scenarios and three deviations (shocks)......Page 15
Observed and projected climate change in Europe......Page 17
Impacts of climate change on plants......Page 21
Impacts of climate change on animals......Page 23
Multiple risks for biodiversity: Climate change in interaction with other pressures......Page 25
New developments in relation to dragon- and damselflies......Page 26
Acknowledgement......Page 27
References......Page 28
The area......Page 38
The inventory of waterbodies and its historical development......Page 39
The “Workgroup Odonata North Rhine-Westphalia” (AK Libellen NRW)......Page 40
The climate change......Page 41
Methods......Page 42
Results......Page 43
Comparison of groups of dragonfly species with different areal types due to their inventory development for the time span 1980–2005......Page 44
Different examples......Page 46
Conclusions......Page 47
References......Page 48
Appendix I......Page 51
Abstract......Page 54
Introduction......Page 55
Climate and Weather Records......Page 56
Meteorological data......Page 57
Dragonfly data......Page 58
El Niño / La Niña......Page 59
Climate changes......Page 61
Dragonflies (Aeshnidae and Libellulidae)......Page 63
Rhionaeschna maita (Förster, 1909)......Page 64
Rhionaeschna elsia (Calvert, 1952)......Page 65
Rhionaeschna peralta (Ris, 1918)......Page 66
Erythrodiplax cleopatra (Ris, 1911)......Page 67
Orthemis discolour (Burmeister, 1839)......Page 68
Climate change and abiotic sequence effects......Page 69
Habitat losses and formations of new habitats......Page 71
Changes of water temperatures......Page 72
Phenological adaptation......Page 73
Immigration......Page 74
Conclusions and open questions......Page 76
References......Page 77
Keywords......Page 80
What the botanists have to say......Page 81
Marginality and the South African odonate fauna......Page 82
The case for narrow-range endemics......Page 86
Synthesis of findings to date......Page 87
References......Page 89
Abstract......Page 92
Introduction......Page 93
Methods......Page 94
Peak occurrence periods......Page 97
Spatial variations in adults, tenerals and larvae with elevation......Page 100
Relationship between species and environmental conditions......Page 102
Phenology......Page 108
Aspects of dragonfly species adaptations in the sub-tropics......Page 109
Biogeographical implication of elevational tolerance......Page 110
Implications of results for dragonfl y response to global climate change......Page 111
References......Page 112
Keywords......Page 116
Introduction......Page 117
Trend analysis......Page 118
Comparisons among species......Page 119
Southern species with changing status......Page 120
Trends of the southern species......Page 122
Trends comparisons of the whole regional fauna......Page 123
Expansion or sampling increase?......Page 125
Patterns of change in southern species......Page 128
Perspectives......Page 130
References......Page 131
Introduction......Page 134
Species recorded from the British Isles......Page 135
Range expansions and contractions for resident species......Page 137
Phenology......Page 140
Conclusions......Page 143
References......Page 144
Introduction......Page 148
Data sources......Page 149
Analysis......Page 150
Relative area and abundance by groups per year in the recent period (1980–2004)......Page 151
Relative area and distribution by species per year in the recent period (1980–2004)......Page 152
Discussion......Page 154
References......Page 158
Keywords......Page 162
Database......Page 163
Habitat groups......Page 164
Results......Page 165
Discussion......Page 166
Climate change......Page 168
Changes in quality of habitats......Page 171
Conclusions......Page 175
References......Page 177
Southern species and invasions......Page 179
Introduction......Page 182
What can be counted?......Page 183
Short-term and long-term studies at small stagnant water bodies......Page 185
Census at linear biotopes: ditches, brooks and rivers......Page 193
Summary, conclusions and outlook on faunal distribution shifts with respect to climate change......Page 195
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 200
Background: Trends in the Seasonality of Precipitation Patterns......Page 202
Impacts from Changes in Seasonal Pond Volume Patterns......Page 205
Water Quantity: Thermal Mass and Pond Water Volume......Page 206
Pond Volume and Thermal Stratification......Page 207
Characterizing the Biota of Ephemeral Ponds......Page 208
Inter-annual Precipitation Variability......Page 209
Adjustments to New Thermal Regimes......Page 210
Potential Thermal Impacts on Odonates......Page 211
Research Needs for Ephemeral Pond Species and Communities......Page 212
References......Page 213
Introduction......Page 218
Results and discussion......Page 220
References......Page 225
Keywords......Page 232
Climate Change, Ecological Responses & Odonates......Page 233
The Odonate Fauna of Ontario......Page 234
Unadjusted estimates of climate change in Ontario......Page 236
Changes in Odonate Distributions in Ontario......Page 240
Preliminary conclusions......Page 244
Future Work......Page 245
References......Page 246
Introduction......Page 250
Measure of local species richness and environmental variables......Page 251
Relation between pond species richness and mean annual air temperature......Page 253
Discussion......Page 254
References......Page 257
Introduction and some definitions......Page 260
Example: the expansion of Crocothemis erythraea in Germany and Europe......Page 261
Some more examples: other species expanding their range in Germany......Page 262
A practical example: the “Kolbental” monitoring-project......Page 265
The “Kolbenwoog”: an example for the effects of the extreme summer of 2003......Page 266
Changes in other waters bodies......Page 268
Changes in the composition of regional faunas......Page 269
First Example: Anisoptera of Mediterranean origin in the Palatinate......Page 270
Second Example: the odonatofauna in the SLL+-region......Page 271
More examples: the odonatofauna in Bavaria and North Rhine-Westfalia......Page 272
Biodiversity increase and consequences for the Red Lists......Page 273
Eff ects on the Natura 2000 web in the Palatinate forest......Page 274
Changes in the phenology......Page 275
More generations: from semi- to univoltine, from uni- to bivoltine......Page 276
Changes on the European level – some recent trends......Page 277
Biological effects - Climatic change: a filter for different ecological strategies and species......Page 280
The future is … hot?! What do scenarios tell us and what does this mean for dragonflies?......Page 281
Conclusions......Page 284
References......Page 285
Websites (with data on the distribution of odonata):......Page 293