Open source GIS: a GRASS GIS approach

front-matter.pdf......Page 2
Foreword......Page 6
Preface third edition......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Contents......Page 13
Open Source concept......Page 18
GRASS as an Open Source GIS......Page 20
How to read this book......Page 22
Geospatial data models......Page 24
Organization of GIS data and system functionality......Page 28
Map projection principles......Page 30
Common coordinate systems and datums......Page 33
Download and install GRASS......Page 37
Database and command structure......Page 39
Graphical User Interfaces for GRASS 6: QGIS and gis.m......Page 42
Starting GRASS with the North Carolina data set......Page 43
GRASS data display and 3D visualization......Page 46
Project data management......Page 50
Starting GRASS with a new project......Page 53
Defining the coordinate system for a new project......Page 56
Coordinate system transformations......Page 60
Coordinate lists......Page 61
Projection of raster and vector maps......Page 63
Reprojecting with GDAL/OGR tools......Page 64
4. GRASS data models and data exchange......Page 68
GRASS 2D and 3D raster data models......Page 69
Managing regions, raster map resolution and boundaries......Page 71
Import of georeferenced raster data......Page 73
Import and geocoding of a scanned historical map......Page 81
Raster data export......Page 84
GRASS vector data model......Page 85
Import of vector data......Page 88
Coordinate transformation for xy CAD drawings......Page 93
Export of vector data......Page 95
Displaying raster data and assigning a color table......Page 98
Managing metadata of raster maps......Page 101
Raster map queries and profiles......Page 103
Raster map statistics......Page 105
Zooming and generating subsets from raster maps......Page 106
Generating simple raster maps......Page 107
Reclassification and rescaling of raster maps......Page 109
Recoding of raster map types and value replacements......Page 112
Assigning category labels......Page 114
Masking and handling of no-data values......Page 118
Raster map algebra......Page 120
Integer and floating point data......Page 122
Basic calculations......Page 123
Working with ``if\'\' conditions......Page 124
Handling of NULL values in r.mapcalc......Page 125
Creating a MASK with r.mapcalc......Page 126
Special graph operators......Page 127
Neighborhood operations with relative coordinates......Page 128
Automated vectorization of discrete raster data......Page 130
Generating isolines representing continuous fields......Page 133
Resampling and interpolation of raster data......Page 134
Overlaying and merging raster maps......Page 139
Neighborhood analysis and cross-category statistics......Page 141
Buffering of raster features......Page 148
Cost surfaces......Page 150
Terrain and watershed analysis......Page 155
Landscape structure analysis......Page 168
Hydrologic and groundwater modeling......Page 170
Erosion and deposition modeling......Page 173
Working with voxel data......Page 181
Displaying vector maps......Page 184
Vector map metadata maintenance......Page 187
Vector map attribute management and SQL support......Page 188
SQL support in GRASS 6......Page 189
Sample SQL queries and attribute modifications......Page 196
Map reclassification......Page 200
Vector map with multiple attribute tables: layers......Page 201
General principles for digitizing topological data......Page 202
Interactive digitizing in GRASS......Page 204
Map queries......Page 207
Raster map statistics based on vector objects......Page 209
Geometry operations......Page 211
Topological operations......Page 212
Buffering......Page 218
Feature extraction and boundary dissolving......Page 219
Patching vector maps......Page 220
Intersecting and clipping vector maps......Page 221
Transforming vector geometry and creating 3D vectors......Page 224
Convex hull and triangulation from points......Page 226
Find multiple points in same location......Page 227
Length of common polygon boundaries......Page 229
Network analysis......Page 231
Linear reference system (LRS)......Page 236
Vector data transformations to raster......Page 242
Selecting an interpolation method......Page 245
Interpolation and approximation with RST......Page 250
Tuning the RST parameters: tension and smoothing......Page 252
Estimating RST accuracy......Page 256
Segmented processing......Page 259
Topographic analysis with RST......Page 262
Working with lidar point cloud data......Page 264
Volume based interpolation......Page 272
Adding third variable: precipitation with elevation......Page 273
Volume and volume-temporal interpolation......Page 276
Geostatistics and splines......Page 277
Advanced map display in the GRASS monitor......Page 278
Creating a 2D shaded elevation map......Page 281
Using display tools for analysis......Page 282
Monitor output to PNG or PostScript files......Page 284
Creating hardcopy maps with ps.map......Page 286
Viewing surfaces, raster and vector maps......Page 288
Querying data and analyzing multiple surfaces......Page 294
Creating animations in 3D space......Page 295
Visualizing volumes......Page 298
Coupling with an external OpenGL viewer Paraview......Page 299
Spectrum and remote sensing......Page 301
Import of image channels......Page 305
Managing channels and colors......Page 306
The feature space and image groups......Page 309
Radiometric preprocessing......Page 311
Deriving a surface temperature map from thermal channel......Page 314
Image ratios......Page 317
Principal Component Transformation......Page 319
Geometric feature analysis with matrix filters......Page 321
Introduction to RGB and IHS color model......Page 324
Image fusion with the IHS transformation......Page 325
Image fusion with Brovey transform......Page 327
Thematic classification of satellite data......Page 328
Unsupervised radiometric classification......Page 330
Supervised radiometric classification......Page 333
Supervised SMAP classification......Page 336
Multitemporal analysis......Page 337
Segmentation and pattern recognition......Page 340
GRASS programming environment......Page 344
GRASS source code......Page 345
Methods of GRASS programming......Page 346
Level of integration......Page 347
Script programming......Page 348
Local mode: GRASS as GIS data processor......Page 351
Web based: PyWPS -- Python Web Processing Service......Page 353
Notes on programming GRASS modules in C......Page 354
10. Using GRASS with other Open Source tools......Page 359
Geostatistics with GRASS and gstat......Page 360
Spatial data analysis with GRASS and R......Page 365
Reading GRASS data into R......Page 367
Kriging in R......Page 370
Using R in batch mode......Page 375
GPS data handling......Page 376
WebGIS applications with UMN/MapServer and OpenLayers......Page 377
Selected equations used in GRASS modules......Page 379
Landscape process modeling......Page 393
Definition of SQLite-ODBC connection......Page 395
References......Page 396
Index......Page 404