Well Production Practical Handbook

Cover......Page 1
WELL PRODUCTION PRACTICAL HANDBOOK......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
A: General Data......Page 18
A1 SI UNITS SYSTEM......Page 20
A2 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE......Page 29
A3 CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND DEGREES API......Page 30
A4 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY CONVERSION......Page 31
A5 NUMERICAL CONSTANTS AND MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS......Page 33
A6 TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS......Page 34
A7 GEOMETRY FORMULAS FOR AREAS AND VOlUMES......Page 36
A8 CONTENT OF HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS......Page 37
A9 MECHANICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS......Page 38
A10 ELECTRICITY. DIRECT CURRENT......Page 41
All ElECTRICITY. ALTERNATING CURRENT......Page 44
A12 PRINCIPAL CHEMICAL SYMBOLS, ATOMIC NUMBERS AND WEIGHTS......Page 46
A13 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF VARIOUS MATERIALS AND FLUIDS......Page 47
A14 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS......Page 48
A15 STRATIGRAPHIC SCALE......Page 49
REFERENCES......Page 50
B: Casing and Tubing......Page 52
B1 INTRODUCTION......Page 54
B2 GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASINGS......Page 56
B3 DIMENSIONS AND MASSES OF TUBINGS......Page 57
B4 STEEL GRADE AND TENSILE REQUIREMENTS OF TUBINGS......Page 58
B5 TUBING CONNECTION......Page 64
B6 MAKEUP OF THREADED CONNECTION......Page 66
B7 API AND BUTTRESS TUBING THREAD FORM......Page 70
B8 ELONGATION......Page 71
B10 TUBING CAPACITY......Page 72
B11 ANNULAR VOLUME BETWEEN CASING AND TUBING......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 77
C: Coiled Tubing......Page 78
C1 COILED TUBING UNIT EQUIPMENT DESIGN......Page 80
C2 WORKOVER SAFETY......Page 82
C3 TUBE TECHNOlOGY AND CAPABILITIES......Page 84
C4 SAND AND SOLIDS WASHING......Page 88
C5 UNLOADING WElLS WITH LIGHTER flUIDS......Page 89
C6 COILED TUBING ASSISTED LOGGING AND PERFORATING......Page 90
C7 CEMENTING......Page 91
C9 VElOCITY STRINGS......Page 92
C10 PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS......Page 94
Cll ADVANCED·COMPOSITE SPOOLABLE TUBING......Page 98
REFERENCES......Page 99
D: Packers......Page 100
D3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PACKERS......Page 102
D4 TUBING RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 106
D5 PACKER CALCULATIONS......Page 109
D6 ISO 14310......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 112
E: Pressure Losses......Page 114
E1 TYPES OF FLOW......Page 116
E2 PRESSURE LOSSES IN CASING AND TUBING......Page 117
E3 PRESSURE LOSSES IN ANNULAR......Page 119
REFERENCE......Page 121
F: Fundamentals of Petroleum Reservoirs......Page 122
F1 CHARACTERIZATION OF RESERVOIR ROCKS......Page 124
F2 OIL PROPERTIES......Page 133
F3 WATER PROPERTIES......Page 136
F4 GAS PROPERTIES......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 141
G: Well Productivity......Page 142
G1 OIL FLOW AROUND WELLS......Page 144
G2 WELL TEST ANALYSIS METHOD......Page 154
G3 INFLOW PERFORMANCE RElATIONSHIP (lPR). PRODUCTIVITY INDEX OF AN OIL WElL PRODUCING 
UNDER THE BUBBLE POINT; 
VOGEl'S METHOD......Page 161
RHERENCES......Page 164
H: Formation Damage Control......Page 166
H1 FORMATION DAMAGE PREVENTION......Page 168
H2 REMEDIAL CLEAN UP......Page 174
H3 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FORMATION DAMAGE TESTING......Page 177
REFERENCES......Page 179
I: Sand Control......Page 180
I1 SAND FORMATION PROPERTIES AND GEOLOGY......Page 182
I2 GRAVEL PACKING......Page 183
I3 SCREEN INSTALLATION AND GRAVEL-PACK PROCEDURE GUIDELINES......Page 191
I4 GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING A SAND-CONTROL METHOD......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 201
J: Stimulation......Page 204
J2 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING......Page 206
J3 MATRIX AClDIZING......Page 221
J4 ACID FRACTURING......Page 227
J5 FRAC PACKS......Page 228
REFERENCES......Page 230
K: Horizontal and Multilateral Wells......Page 232
K1 HORIZONTAL WEll PRODUCTIVITY......Page 234
K2 PRESSURE DROPS IN HORIZONTAL WElLS......Page 238
K3 flOW PATTERNS IN HORIZONTAL WEllS......Page 240
K4 MULTILATERAL WELLS......Page 242
REFERENCES......Page 247
L: Water Management......Page 250
L1 BASIC WATER-OIL FLOW PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR ROCK......Page 252
L2 WATERFLOODING......Page 253
L3 WATER CONING......Page 256
L4 WATER CONTROL IN PRODUCTION WELLS......Page 258
L5 DOWNHOLE OIL WATER SEPARATION (DHOWS)......Page 266
REFERENCES......Page 268
M: Heavy Oil Production. Enhanced Oil Recovery......Page 270
N: Artificial Lift......Page 288
N1 COMMON METHODS......Page 290
N2 PRODUCTION CRITERIA......Page 292
N3 GOR CALCULATION AT THE PUMP INLET......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 296
O: Beam Pumping and Other Reciprocating Rod Pumps......Page 298
O1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
......Page 300
O2 SUBSURFACE SUCKER-ROD PUMPS......Page 302
O3 SUCKER RODS......Page 306
O4 PUMPING UNITS......Page 310
O6 JACK PUMPING UNIT......Page 313
REFERENCES......Page 315
P: Gas Lift......Page 316
P1 TYPES OF GAS LIFT......Page 318
P2 DESIGN OF ACONTINUOUS-FLOW GAS-LIFT SYSTEM......Page 319
P3 DESIGN OF INTERMITTENT FLOW INSTALLATIONS......Page 328
P4 DESIGN OF THE COMPRESSOR SYSTEM......Page 331
P5 ANNEX. BASICS OF PHYSICAL GAS APPLIED TO GAS LIFT......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 335
Q: Electric Submersible Pump......Page 336
Q1 HYDRAULIC FUNDAMENTALS......Page 338
Q2 ElECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 340
Q3 DESCRIPTION OF SUBMERSIBLE INSTALLATIONS......Page 344
Q4 PUMP SELECTION......Page 346
Q5 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING MOTOR STARTING CONDITIONS FOR ESP INSTALLATIONS......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 353
R: Progressing Cavity Pumps......Page 354
R1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION......Page 356
R2 PCP CHARACTERISTICS......Page 359
R3 SELECTION OF A PCP......Page 361
R4 DRIVING FROM SURFACE OF PCP......Page 365
R5 THE INSERT PUMP......Page 369
R6 THE ElECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PCP......Page 371
REFERENCES......Page 373
S: Hydraulic Pumping......Page 374
S2 PISTON-TYPE HYDRAULIC PUMPING......Page 376
S3 JET PUMPS......Page 383
REFERENCES......Page 388
T: Multiphase Pumping and Metering......Page 390
T1 MUlTlPHASE PUMPING......Page 392
T2 FLOW METERING GENERAL EQUATIONS......Page 400
T3 FLOW METERING PRACTICAL DATA......Page 403
T4 FLOW REGIMES......Page 409
T5 CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIPHASE METERS......Page 410
T6 Performance specification......Page 413
T7 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES OF MUlTIPHASE METERS......Page 416
REFERENCES......Page 419
U: Deposit Treatment......Page 422
U1 ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION......Page 424
U2 HYDRATES......Page 429
U3 PARAFFINS (WAXES)......Page 435
U4 SCALES......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 440
V: Well Servicing......Page 442
V2 WIRELINE OPERATION......Page 444
V3 SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVES......Page 447
V4 SNUBBING......Page 450
V5 DRILLSTEM TESTING (DST)......Page 453
V6 WORKOVER PLANNING......Page 456
REFERENCES......Page 458
W: Cased-Hole Logging and Imaging......Page 460
W1 FORMATION EVALUATION......Page 463
W2 CEMENT EVALUATION......Page 471
W3 DOWNHOLE CASING INSPECTION......Page 477
W4 PRODUCTION LOGGING......Page 482
W5 OTHER CASED-HOLE SERVICES......Page 498
W6 IMAGING......Page 500
W7 EVOLUTION OF WIRELINE SERVICE......Page 503
REFERENCES......Page 504
X: Financial Formulas for Investment Decisions......Page 506
X1 BASIC FORMULAS......Page 508
X2 PRESENT VALUE AND THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF CAPITAL......Page 509
X3 PRESENT VALUE APPLIED TO OILFIELD PRODUCTION......Page 510
X4 MAKING WISE INVESTMENT DECISIONS NET PRESENT VALUE AND ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT CRITERIA......Page 512
REFERENCES......Page 514
Y: List of Standards for Petroleum Production......Page 530
Y1 INTRODUCTION......Page 532
Y2 TUBULAR GOODS......Page 534
Y4 WIRE ROPE......Page 535
YS PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT......Page 536
Y6 LEASE PRODUCTION VESSELS......Page 538
YB PLASTIC PIPE......Page 539
Yl0 COMMON PRODUCTION......Page 540
REFERENCES......Page 541
Z: Glossary......Page 544
Index......Page 554