Irwin and Rippe's intensive care medicine

Editors......Page 6
Dedication......Page 38
Preface......Page 39
Acknowledgments......Page 41
1 Airway Management and Endotracheal Intubation......Page 42
2 Central Venous Catheters......Page 67
3 Arterial Line Placement and Care......Page 98
4 Pulmonary Artery Catheters......Page 112
5 Temporary Cardiac Pacing......Page 145
6 Cardioversion and Defibrillation......Page 154
7 Pericardiocentesis......Page 164
8 Chest Tube Insertion and Care......Page 175
9 Bronchoscopy......Page 186
10 Thoracentesis......Page 198
11 Arterial Puncture for Blood Gas Analysis......Page 208
12 Tracheostomy......Page 215
13 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy......Page 235
14 Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage......Page 246
15 Gastroesophageal Balloon Tamponade for Acute Variceal Hemorrhage......Page 259
16 Endoscopic Placement of Feeding Tubes......Page 269
17 Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspiration......Page 281
18 Percutaneous Suprapubic Cystostomy......Page 293
19 Aspiration of the Knee and Synovial Fluid Analysis......Page 301
20 Anesthesia for Bedside Procedures......Page 311
21 Interventional Ultrasound......Page 324
22 Interventional Radiology: Percutaneous Drainage Techniques......Page 335
23 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation......Page 344
24 Management of Pain in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 381
25 Therapeutic Paralysis......Page 403
26 Routine Monitoring of Critically Ill Patients......Page 414
27 Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring......Page 448
28 Neurologic Multimodal Monitoring......Page 471
29 Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 493
30 Monitoring Gastrointestinal Tract Function......Page 516
31 Respiratory Monitoring during Mechanical Ventilation......Page 530
32 Approach to the Patient with Hypotension and Hemodynamic Instability......Page 548
33 Management of Advanced Heart Failure......Page 566
34 Valvular Heart Disease......Page 583
35 Critical Care of Pericardial Disease......Page 616
36 Acute Aortic Syndromes......Page 634
37 Evaluation and Management of Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 658
38 Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction]......Page 673
39 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction......Page 710
40 Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction......Page 738
41 Ventricular Tachycardia......Page 752
42 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Recognition and Management in the Intensive Care Setting......Page 768
43 Bradyarrhythmias and Temporary Pacing......Page 791
44 How to Manage Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 809
45 Mechanical Support for Heart Failure......Page 825
46 Respiratory Failure Part I: A Physiologic Approach to Respiratory Failure......Page 841
47 Respiratory Failure Part II: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome......Page 851
48 Respiratory Failure Part III: Asthma......Page 889
49 Respiratory Failure Part IV: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......Page 915
50 Respiratory Failure Part V: Extrapulmonary Causes of Respiratory Failure......Page 932
51 Respiratory Failure Part VI: Acute Respiratory Failure in Pregnancy......Page 946
52 Venous Thromboembolism: Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis......Page 976
53 Managing Hemoptysis......Page 1001
54 Aspiration......Page 1018
55 Drowning......Page 1030
56 Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 1042
57 Pleural Disease in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 1055
58 Mechanical Ventilation Part I: Invasive......Page 1081
59 Mechanical Ventilation Part II: Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation for the Adult Hospitalized Patient......Page 1113
60 Mechanical Ventilation Part III: Discontinuation......Page 1143
61 Gas Embolism Syndromes: Venous Gas Emboli, Arterial Gas Emboli, and Decompression Sickness......Page 1163
62 Respiratory Adjunct Therapy......Page 1185
63 Chest Radiographic Examination......Page 1213
64 Acute Inhalation Injury......Page 1256
65 Disorders of Temperature Control Part I: Hypothermia......Page 1281
66 Disorders of Temperature Control Part II: Hyperthermia......Page 1312
67 Severe Upper Airway Infections......Page 1343
68 Acute Infectious Pneumonia......Page 1370
69 Lung Biopsy......Page 1411
70 Sleep Issues in the Intensive Care Unit Setting......Page 1424
71 Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis......Page 1439
72 Disorders of Plasma Sodium and Plasma Potassium......Page 1458
73 Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 1500
74 Drug Dosing in Renal and Hepatic Failure: A Pharmacokinetic Approach to the Critically ILL Patient......Page 1545
75 Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 1564
76 Approach to Fever in the ICU Patient......Page 1585
77 Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Infection in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 1595
78 Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Acquired Infections in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 1618
79 Central Nervous System Infections......Page 1629
80 Infective Endocarditis and Infections of Intracardiac Prosthetic Devices......Page 1650
81 Infections Associated with Vascular Catheters......Page 1680
82 Urinary Tract Infections......Page 1694
83 Life-Threatening Community-Acquired Infections: Toxic Shock Syndrome, Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection, Meningococcemia, Malaria, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Others......Page 1710
84 Acute Infection in the Immunocompromised Host......Page 1727
85 Intensive Care of Patients with HIV Infection......Page 1745
86 Infectious Complications of Drug Abuse......Page 1757
87 Tuberculosis......Page 1768
88 Botulism......Page 1782
89 Tetanus......Page 1787
90 Serious Epidemic Viral Pneumonias......Page 1792
91 Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 1804
92 Stress Ulcer Syndrome......Page 1821
93 Gastrointestinal Motility in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 1831
94 Fulminant Colitis and Toxic Megacolon......Page 1844
95 Evaluation and Management of Liver Failure......Page 1851
96 Diarrhea......Page 1873
97 Severe and Complicated Biliary Tract Disease......Page 1887
98 Hepatic Dysfunction......Page 1896
99 Acute Pancreatitis......Page 1909
100 Management of Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patients......Page 1937
101 Hyperglycemic Diabetic Coma......Page 1953
102 Severe Hyperthyroidism......Page 1975
103 Myxedema Coma......Page 1981
104 Hypoadrenal Crisis and the Stress Management of the Patient on Chronic Steroid Therapy......Page 1987
105 Disorders of Mineral Metabolism......Page 1993
106 Hypoglycemia......Page 2002
107 Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (Sick Euthyroid Syndrome) in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 2031
108 Disorders of Hemostasis in Critically Ill Patients......Page 2055
109 Thrombocytopenia......Page 2080
110 Antithrombotic Pharmacotherapy......Page 2106
111 Diagnosis and Management of Prothrombotic Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 2139
112 Anemia in the Critical Care Setting......Page 2157
113 Therapeutic Apheresis: Technical Considerations and Indications in Critical Care......Page 2184
114 Transfusion Therapy: Blood Components and Transfusion Complications......Page 2201
115 Critical Care of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies......Page 2215
116 Oncologic Emergencies......Page 2240
117 General Considerations in the Evaluation and Treatment of Poisoning......Page 2261
118 Acetaminophen Poisoning......Page 2299
119 Alcohols and Glycol Poisoning......Page 2313
120 Antiarrhythmic Agents......Page 2343
121 Anticholinergic Poisoning......Page 2359
122 Anticonvulsant Poisoning......Page 2365
123 Antidepressant Poisoning......Page 2382
124 Antipsychotic Poisoning......Page 2403
125 Beta-Blocker Poisoning......Page 2427
126 Calcium Channel Antagonist Poisoning......Page 2436
127 Cardiac Glycoside Poisoning......Page 2448
128 Cholinergic Poisoning......Page 2455
129 Cocaine Poisoning......Page 2464
130 Corrosive Poisoning......Page 2472
131 Salicylate and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Poisoning......Page 2486
132 Envenomations......Page 2503
133 Heavy Metal Poisoning......Page 2522
134 Hydrocarbon Poisoning......Page 2546
135 Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning......Page 2560
136 Iron Poisoning......Page 2564
137 Isoniazid Poisoning......Page 2574
138 Lithium Poisoning......Page 2581
139 Methylxanthine Poisoning......Page 2591
140 Opioid Poisoning......Page 2604
141 Pesticide Poisoning......Page 2619
142 Phencyclidine and Hallucinogen Poisoning......Page 2646
143 Sedative–Hypnotic Agent Poisoning......Page 2656
144 Amphetamines......Page 2673
145 Withdrawal Syndromes......Page 2685
146 Epistaxis......Page 2706
147 Esophageal Perforation and Acute Mediastinitis......Page 2719
148 Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient......Page 2729
149 Noncardiac Surgery in the Cardiac Patient......Page 2750
150 Diagnosis and Management of Intra-abdominal Sepsis......Page 2777
151 Mesenteric Ischemia......Page 2802
152 Compartment Syndrome of the Abdominal Cavity......Page 2814
153 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections......Page 2827
154 Acute Limb Ischemia: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies......Page 2839
155 Pressure Sores: Prevention and Treatment......Page 2846
156 Management of the Obstetrical Patient in the Intensive Care Setting......Page 2855
157 Shock: An Overview......Page 2870
158 Resuscitation from Shock Following Injury......Page 2893
159 The Management of Sepsis......Page 2916
160 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome......Page 2933
161 Trauma Systems......Page 2942
162 Traumatic Brain Injury......Page 2947
163 Spinal Cord Trauma......Page 2954
164 Thoracic and Cardiac Trauma......Page 2973
165 Critical Care of the Patient with Abdominal Trauma......Page 2994
166 Burn Management......Page 3009
167 Orthopedic Injury......Page 3020
168 An Approach to Neurologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3045
169 Evaluating the Patient with Altered Consciousness in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3050
170 Metabolic Encephalopathy......Page 3067
171 Generalized Anoxia/Ischemia of the Nervous System......Page 3080
172 Status Epilepticus......Page 3086
173 Cerebrovascular Disease......Page 3097
174 Neuro-Oncological Problems in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3113
175 Guillain–Barre Syndrome......Page 3127
176 Myasthenia Gravis in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3141
177 Miscellaneous Neurologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3150
178 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage......Page 3163
179 Mental Status Dysfunction in the Intensive Care Unit: Postoperative Cognitive Impairment......Page 3176
180 Newly Acquired Weakness in the Intensive Care Unit: Critical Illness Myopathy and Neuropathy......Page 3181
181 Immunosuppression in Solid-Organ Transplantation......Page 3187
182 Critical Care Problems in Kidney Transplant Recipients......Page 3212
183 Specific Critical Care Problems in Heart and Heart–Lung Transplant Recipients......Page 3231
184 Care of the Pancreas Transplant Recipient......Page 3244
185 Management of the Organ Donor......Page 3264
186 DiagnosisandManagement of Rejection, Infection, and Malignancy in Transplant Recipients......Page 3299
187 Critical Care of the Liver and Intestinal Transplant Recipients......Page 3330
188 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation......Page 3357
189 Critical Care of the Lung Transplant Recipient......Page 3389
190 Nutritional Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 3408
191 Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3416
192 Disease-Specific Nutrition......Page 3444
193 Rheumatologic Diseases in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3465
194 Anaphylaxis......Page 3508
195 Dermatology in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3531
196 Vasculitis in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3566
197 Diagnosis and Treatment of Agitation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit Patient......Page 3583
198 Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety in the Intensive Care Unit Patient......Page 3598
199 Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Intensive Care Unit Patient......Page 3611
200 Managing the Suicidal Patient in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3631
201 Problematic Behaviors of Patients, Family, and Staff in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3637
202 Recognition and Management of Staff Stress in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3645
203 Use of Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators......Page 3655
204 Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in Critical Care......Page 3664
205 Interprofessional Collaboration Among Critical Care Team Members......Page 3670
206 Healthy Work Environments: Necessary for Providers and Patients......Page 3684
207 ICU Nursing in the Telemedicine Age......Page 3693
208 ICU Organization and Management......Page 3702
209 Critical Care Information Systems: Structure, Function, and Future......Page 3719
210 Defining and Measuring Patient Safety in the Critical Care Unit......Page 3731
211 Medical Ethics, End of Life Care, and Clinical Research in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3748
212 Assessing the Value and Impact of Critical Care in an Era of Limited Resources: Outcomes Research in the Intensive Care Unit......Page 3765
213 Biological Agents of Mass Destruction......Page 3779
214 Chemical Agents of Mass Destruction......Page 3811
215 The Management of Acute Radiation Casualties......Page 3825
216 Planning and Organization for Emergency Mass Critical Care......Page 3838
Appendix......Page 3848