Managerial Accounting 2010 Edition

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
About the Authors......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 21
Brief Contents......Page 24
Contents......Page 26
1 Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles......Page 31
Purpose of Managerial Accounting......Page 33
Nature of Managerial Accounting......Page 34
Managerial Accounting in Business......Page 36
Fraud and Ethics in Managerial Accounting......Page 38
Types of Cost Classifications......Page 39
Cost Concepts for Service Companies......Page 41
Manufacturer’s Balance Sheet......Page 42
Manufacturer’s Income Statement......Page 44
Flow of Manufacturing Activities......Page 46
Manufacturing Statement......Page 47
Decision Analysis—Cycle Time and Cycle Efficiency......Page 49
2 Job Order Costing and Analysis......Page 75
Job Order Production......Page 77
Events in Job Order Costing......Page 78
Job Cost Sheet......Page 79
Materials Cost Flows and Documents......Page 80
Labor Cost Flows and Documents......Page 82
Overhead Cost Flows and Documents......Page 83
Summary of Cost Flows......Page 85
Underapplied Overhead......Page 88
Decision Analysis—Pricing for Services......Page 89
3 Process Costing and Analysis......Page 113
Process Operations......Page 115
GenX Company—An Illustration......Page 116
Direct and Indirect Costs......Page 118
Accounting for Materials Costs......Page 119
Accounting for Factory Overhead......Page 120
Differences in Equivalent Units for Materials, Labor, and Overhead......Page 122
Process Costing Illustration......Page 123
Step 2: Compute Equivalent Units of Production......Page 124
Step 4: Assign and Reconcile Costs......Page 125
Transfers to Finished Goods Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold......Page 128
Decision Analysis—Hybrid Costing System......Page 130
Appendix 3A FIFO Method of Process Costing......Page 134
4 Activity-Based Costing and Analysis......Page 157
Assigning Overhead Costs......Page 159
Plantwide Overhead Rate Method......Page 160
Departmental Overhead Rate Method......Page 162
Activity-Based Costing Rates and Method......Page 164
Step 1: Identify Activities and Cost Pools......Page 165
Step 2: Trace Overhead Costs to Cost Pools......Page 167
Step 3: Determine Activity Rate......Page 168
Step 4: Assign Overhead Costs to Cost Objects......Page 169
Advantages of Activity-Based Costing......Page 171
Decision Analysis—Customer Profitability......Page 172
5 Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis......Page 195
Fixed Costs......Page 197
Mixed Costs......Page 198
Curvilinear Costs......Page 199
Scatter Diagrams......Page 200
High-Low Method......Page 201
Comparison of Cost Estimation Methods......Page 202
Contribution Margin and Its Measures......Page 203
Computing the Break-Even Point......Page 204
Preparing a Cost-Volume-Profit Chart......Page 205
Making Assumptions in Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis......Page 206
Applying Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis......Page 207
Computing Sales for a Target Income......Page 208
Computing the Margin of Safety......Page 209
Computing a Multiproduct Break-Even Point......Page 210
Decision Analysis—Degree of Operating Leverage......Page 213
Appendix 5A Using Excel to Estimate Least-Squares Regression......Page 215
6 Variable Costing and Performance Reporting......Page 233
Absorption Costing......Page 235
Computing Unit Cost......Page 236
Performance Reporting (Income) Implications......Page 237
Units Produced Equal Units Sold......Page 238
Units Produced Exceed Units Sold......Page 239
Units Produced Are Less Than Units Sold......Page 240
Summarizing Income Reporting......Page 241
Planning Production......Page 242
Setting Prices......Page 244
Controlling Costs......Page 245
Decision Analysis—Break-Even Analysis......Page 246
7 Master Budgets and Performance Planning......Page 265
Benchmarking Budgets......Page 267
Budgeting Communication......Page 268
Budget Timing......Page 269
Master Budget Components......Page 271
Operating Budgets......Page 273
Financial Budgets......Page 276
Decision Analysis—Activity-Based Budgeting......Page 280
Appendix 7A Production and Manufacturing Budgets......Page 286
8 Flexible Budgets and Standard\rCosting......Page 305
Budgetary Control and Reporting......Page 307
Fixed Budget Performance Report......Page 308
Preparation of Flexible Budgets......Page 309
Flexible Budget Performance Report......Page 311
Identifying Standard Costs......Page 312
Cost Variances......Page 313
Cost Variance Computation......Page 314
Computing Materials and Labor Variances......Page 315
Setting Overhead Standards......Page 317
Computing Overhead Cost Variances......Page 319
Standard Cost Accounting System......Page 323
Decision Analysis—Sales Variances......Page 325
9 Decentralization and Performance Evaluation......Page 349
Departmental Evaluation......Page 351
Departmental Reporting and Analysis......Page 352
Allocation of Indirect Expenses......Page 353
Departmental Income Statements......Page 355
Departmental Contribution to Overhead......Page 358
Financial Performance Evaluation Measures......Page 360
Balanced Scorecard......Page 361
Responsibility Accounting......Page 362
Responsibility Accounting System......Page 363
Decision Analysis—Investment Center Profit Margin and Investment Turnover......Page 365
Appendix 9A Transfer Pricing......Page 368
Appendix 9B Joint Costs and Their Allocation......Page 370
10 Relevant Costing for Managerial Decisions......Page 391
Relevant Costs......Page 393
Additional Business......Page 394
Make or Buy......Page 396
Scrap or Rework......Page 397
Sales Mix Selection......Page 398
Segment Elimination......Page 400
Decision Analysis—Setting Product Price......Page 401
11 Capital Budgeting and\rInvestment Analysis......Page 419
Methods Not Using Time Value of Money......Page 421
Payback Period......Page 422
Accounting Rate of Return......Page 424
Methods Using Time Value of Money......Page 425
Net Present Value......Page 426
Internal Rate of Return......Page 428
Comparison of Capital Budgeting Methods......Page 430
Decision Analysis—Break-Even Time......Page 431
Appendix 11A Using Excel to Compute Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return......Page 434
12 Reporting and Analyzing Cash Flows......Page 451
Importance of Cash Flows......Page 453
Classification of Cash Flows......Page 454
Format of the Statement of Cash Flows......Page 456
Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows......Page 457
Indirect and Direct Methods of Reporting......Page 459
Application of the Indirect Method of Reporting......Page 460
Summary of Adjustments for Indirect Method......Page 465
Analysis of Noncurrent Assets......Page 466
Analysis of Other Assets......Page 467
Analysis of Noncurrent Liabilities......Page 468
Analysis of Equity......Page 469
Decision Analysis—Cash Flow Analysis......Page 470
Appendix 12A Spreadsheet Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows......Page 474
Appendix 12B Direct Method of Reporting Operating Cash Flows......Page 477
13 Analyzing and Interpreting\rFinancial Statements......Page 503
Purpose of Analysis......Page 505
Information for Analysis......Page 506
Comparative Statements......Page 507
Trend Analysis......Page 510
Common-Size Statements......Page 512
Common-Size Graphics......Page 514
Ratio Analysis......Page 515
Liquidity and Efficiency......Page 516
Solvency......Page 520
Profitability......Page 521
Market Prospects......Page 522
Summary of Ratios......Page 523
Decision Analysis—Analysis Reporting......Page 525
Appendix 13A Sustainable Income......Page 528
Appendix A Financial Statement Information......Page 548
Appendix B Time Value of Money......Page 581
Appendix C* Basic Accounting for Transactions......Page 594
Appendix D* Accounting for Partnerships......Page 637
Glossary......Page 664
Credits......Page 670
Index......Page 671
Chart of Accounts......Page 685