Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma

PREFACE......Page 12
WELCOME......Page 14
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Louis Pasquale, Jost Jonas, Douglas Anderson......Page 20
Blood supply of the optic nerve......Page 22
Overview of blood flow regulation in general......Page 24
The anatomic underpinning of ocular blood flow control......Page 25
The ocular vasculature and its role in regulating blood flow to the optic nerve and......Page 26
CLINICAL MEASUREMENT OF OCULAR
BLOOD FLOW
Alon Harris, Ingrida Januleviciene, Brent Siesky, Leo Schmetterer,
Larry Kageman, Ingeborg Stalmans, Ali Hafez, Makoto Araie,
Chris Hudson, John Flanagan, Subha Venkataraman, Edward Gilmore,
Gilbert Feke, David Huang, Einar Stefánsson......Page 35
Color Doppler Imaging......Page 37
Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Scanning Laser Flowmetry......Page 40
Retinal Vessel Analyzer......Page 42
Blue Field Entoptic Stimulation......Page 44
Laser Interferometric Measurement of Fundus Pulsation......Page 45
Dynamic Contour Tonometry and Ocular Pulse Amplitude......Page 47
Pulsatile Ocular Blood Flow (POBF) Analyzer......Page 48
Laser Speckle Method (Laser Speckle Flowgraphy)......Page 50
Digital Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Angiography......Page 52
Bi-directional Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Simultaneous Vessel......Page 54
Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography......Page 57
Retinal Oximetry......Page 59
CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF......Page 74
What is the evidence supporting a role for ocular blood flow......Page 77
Clinical evidence derived from different measurement parameters......Page 81
1.C Evidence from experimental animal studies......Page 89
Ocular versus systemic causes......Page 90
Systemic factors......Page 94
Vascular dysregulation/perfusion instability......Page 107
IOP-lowering topical medication......Page 111
Systemic drugs......Page 117
Ocular surgery, exercise......Page 120
Does modulation of blood flow alter glaucoma progression?......Page 121
4. Glaucoma and systemic vascular disease......Page 137
Diabetes......Page 141
Cardiovascular diseases......Page 143
SHOULD MEASUREMENTS OF OCULAR BLOOD......Page 149
Interpreting clinical studies......Page 150
WHAT DO WE STILL NEED TO KNOW?
Alon Harris, Felipe Medeiros, Rita Ehrlich, Vital Costa, Brent Siesky,
Ingrida Januleviciene, Claude Burgoyne......Page 159
Ocular perfusion pressure and prevalence and progression of glaucoma......Page 161
Ocular blood flow and optic nerve head structure......Page 162
The relationship between intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow......Page 164
The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid pressure and glaucoma......Page 165
Future research......Page 167
SUMMARY CONSENSUS POINTS......Page 171
INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 177