Virus Taxonomy: Ixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

Virus Taxonomy......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 3
I Introduction
Introduction to Virus Taxonomy......Page 9
ICTV Reports......Page 10
Developing new taxonomy......Page 12
References......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 15
II 
The Viruses......Page 28
Taxonomic structure of the order......Page 43
Carbohydrates......Page 44
Replication......Page 45
Latency......Page 46
Phylogenetic relationships within the order and the perils of mosaicism......Page 47
Similarity with other taxa......Page 48
Further reading......Page 49
Nucleic acid......Page 50
Genome organization and replication......Page 51
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 52
Distinguishing features of the genus......Page 53
List of species in the genus “P1-like viruses”......Page 54
Antigenic properties......Page 55
Distinguishing features......Page 56
List of species in the genus “Mu-like viruses”......Page 57
Biological properties......Page 58
Genome organization and replication......Page 59
Morphology......Page 60
Genome organization and replication......Page 61
Distinguishing features......Page 62
Genome organization and replication......Page 63
List of species in the genus “I3-like viruses”......Page 64
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Myoviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 65
Further reading......Page 66
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 67
List of species in the genus “BPP-1-like viruses”......Page 68
List of species in the genus “Epsilon15-like viruses”......Page 69
Carbohydrates......Page 70
List of species in the genus “LUZ24-like viruses”......Page 71
Carbohydrates......Page 72
Distinguishing features......Page 73
Genome organization and replication......Page 74
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus “P22-like viruses” but have not been approved as species......Page 75
Genome organization and replication......Page 76
Distinguishing features......Page 77
Genome organization and replication......Page 78
Distinguishing features......Page 79
List of species in the genus “SP6-like viruses”......Page 80
Nucleic acid......Page 81
List of species in the genus “T7-like viruses”......Page 82
Taxonomic structure of the subfamily......Page 83
Carbohydrates......Page 84
Proteins......Page 85
List of species in the genus “Phi29-like viruses”......Page 86
List of unassigned species in the family Podoviridae......Page 87
Further reading......Page 88
Distinguishing features......Page 90
Genome organization and replication......Page 91
Carbohydrates......Page 92
Nucleic acid......Page 93
Morphology......Page 94
Distinguishing features......Page 95
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus “c2-like viruses” but have not been approved as species......Page 96
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus “PsiM1-like viruses” but have not been approved as species......Page 97
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 98
Genome organization and replication......Page 99
Distinguishing features......Page 100
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 101
Further reading......Page 102
Morphology......Page 103
Nucleic acid......Page 104
Proteins......Page 105
Genome organization and replication......Page 106
Biological properties......Page 108
Species demarcation criteria within the order......Page 109
Similarity with other taxa......Page 110
Further reading......Page 111
List of species in the genus Cyprinivirus......Page 112
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Salmonivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 113
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 114
Distinguishing features......Page 115
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Mardivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 116
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Simplexvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 117
List of species in the genus Varicellovirus......Page 118
Biological properties......Page 119
List of species in the genus Muromegalovirus......Page 120
List of species in the genus Roseolovirus......Page 121
Biological properties......Page 122
List of species in the genus Macavirus......Page 123
List of species in the genus Percavirus......Page 124
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Rhadinovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 125
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 126
List of unassigned species in the family Malacoherpesviridae......Page 127
Morphology......Page 128
Nucleic acid......Page 129
Carbohydrates......Page 130
Antigenic properties......Page 131
Distinguishing features......Page 132
List of species in the genus Mastadenovirus......Page 133
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Mastadenovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 135
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 136
Distinguishing features......Page 137
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 139
Distinguishing features......Page 140
List of species in the genus Ichtadenovirus......Page 141
Derivation of names......Page 142
Further reading......Page 144
Antigenic properties......Page 145
Further reading......Page 147
Genome organization and replication......Page 148
Host range......Page 149
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 150
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 151
Similarity with other taxa......Page 152
Further reading......Page 153
Proteins......Page 154
Genome organization and replication......Page 159
Biological properties......Page 160
Derivation of name......Page 161
Further reading......Page 162
Proteins......Page 164
Carbohydrates......Page 165
Genome organization and replication......Page 166
List of species in the genus Alphabaculovirus......Page 168
List of species in the genus Betabaculovirus......Page 170
List of other related viruses, which may be members of the genus Gammabaculovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 171
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 172
Further reading......Page 174
Antigenic properties......Page 175
Biological properties......Page 176
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 177
Further reading......Page 178
Morphology......Page 179
Genome organization and replication......Page 180
List of species in the genus Corticovirus......Page 181
Further reading......Page 182
Nucleic acid......Page 183
Genome organization and replication......Page 184
Derivation of name......Page 185
Further reading......Page 186
Proteins......Page 187
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Globulovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 188
Further reading......Page 189
Antigenic properties......Page 190
Further reading......Page 191
Morphology......Page 192
Nucleic acid......Page 193
Proteins......Page 195
Carbohydrates......Page 196
Genome organization and replication......Page 199
Distinguishing features......Page 200
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Iridovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 201
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Chloriridovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 202
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 203
Distinguishing features......Page 204
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Lymphocystivirus......Page 205
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 206
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 207
Derivation of names......Page 208
Further reading......Page 209
General properties......Page 210
Carbohydrates......Page 211
Morphology......Page 212
Genome organization and replication......Page 213
List of species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 214
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 215
Biological properties......Page 216
Morphology......Page 217
Biological properties......Page 218
Similarity with other taxa......Page 219
Further reading......Page 220
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 221
Lipids......Page 222
Genome organization and replication......Page 223
Derivation of name......Page 225
Further reading......Page 226
Genome organization and replication......Page 227
Antigenic properties......Page 229
List of species in the genus Whispovirus......Page 230
Derivation of name......Page 231
Further reading......Page 232
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 233
Genome organization and replication......Page 234
Biological properties......Page 235
List of species in the genus Alphapapillomavirus......Page 237
List of species in the genus Betapapillomavirus......Page 238
List of species in the genus Deltapapillomavirus......Page 239
Distinguishing features......Page 240
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Iotapapillomavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 241
Distinguishing features......Page 242
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Xipapillomavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 243
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 244
Further reading......Page 245
Carbohydrates......Page 247
Genome organization and replication......Page 248
Biological properties......Page 250
Distinguishing features......Page 251
List of species in the genus Chlorovirus......Page 252
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Chlorovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 253
Distinguishing features......Page 254
Distinguishing features......Page 255
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 256
List of species in the genus Raphidovirus......Page 257
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Phycodnaviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 258
Derivation of names......Page 259
Further reading......Page 260
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 261
Antigenic properties......Page 262
List of unassigned species in the family Plasmaviridae......Page 263
Further reading......Page 264
Genome organization and replication......Page 265
Biological properties......Page 266
Morphology......Page 267
Biological properties......Page 268
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 269
List of species in the genus Bracovirus......Page 270
Nucleic acid......Page 271
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 272
List of species in the genus Ichnovirus......Page 273
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Ichnovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 274
Similarity with other taxa......Page 275
Further reading......Page 276
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 277
Proteins......Page 278
Genome organization and replication......Page 279
Mammalian polyomaviruses......Page 282
List of species in the genus Polyomavirus......Page 285
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 286
Further reading......Page 287
Morphology......Page 289
Genome organization and replication......Page 290
Biological properties......Page 293
Nomenclature of Poxvirus species......Page 294
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 295
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 296
Distinguishing features......Page 297
Distinguishing features......Page 298
List of species in the genus Orthopoxvirus......Page 299
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Parapoxvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 300
List of species in the genus Yatapoxvirus......Page 301
List of other related viruses which may be members of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae but have not been approved as species......Page 302
List of species in the genus Alphaentomopoxvirus......Page 303
List of species in the genus Betaentomopoxvirus......Page 304
Similarity with other taxa......Page 305
Further reading......Page 307
Nucleic acid......Page 308
Biological properties......Page 309
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Rudivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 310
Similarity with other taxa......Page 311
Further reading......Page 312
Morphology......Page 313
Proteins......Page 314
Biological properties......Page 315
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Tectivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 316
Further reading......Page 317
Biological properties......Page 318
Further reading......Page 319
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 320
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 321
Further reading......Page 322
Proteins......Page 323
Genome organization and replication......Page 324
List of species in the genus Alphatorquevirus......Page 325
Distinguishing features......Page 326
List of species in the genus Gammatorquevirus......Page 327
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 328
List of species in the genus Etatorquevirus......Page 329
List of species in the genus Iotatorquevirus......Page 330
Derivation of names......Page 331
Further reading......Page 333
Carbohydrates......Page 334
Nucleic acid......Page 335
Biological properties......Page 336
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Circovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 337
Genome organization and replication......Page 338
Similarity with other taxa......Page 339
Further reading......Page 340
Carbohydrates......Page 341
Genome organization and replication......Page 342
Transmission......Page 343
List of species in the genus Mastrevirus......Page 344
Genome organization and replication......Page 345
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 346
Antigenic properties......Page 347
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Topocuvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 348
Genome organization and replication......Page 349
Satellites......Page 350
List of species in the genus Begomovirus......Page 351
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Begomovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 360
Further reading......Page 363
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 364
Proteins......Page 365
Genome organization and replication......Page 366
Biological properties......Page 367
List of species in the genus Inovirus......Page 368
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 370
Further reading......Page 371
Morphology......Page 373
Proteins......Page 374
Distinguishing features......Page 375
Genome organization and replication......Page 376
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 377
Genome organization and replication......Page 378
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Bdellomicrovirus but which have not yet been approved as sp .........Page 379
Phylogenetic relationships within the family (Figure 4)......Page 380
Further reading......Page 381
Proteins......Page 382
Genome organization and replication......Page 384
Genus and species demarcation criteria in the family......Page 385
Distinguishing features......Page 386
Distinguishing features......Page 387
Derivation of names......Page 389
Further reading......Page 391
Proteins......Page 392
Lipids......Page 393
Genome organization and replication......Page 394
Distinguishing features......Page 396
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 397
Distinguishing features......Page 398
List of species in the genus Erythrovirus......Page 399
Distinguishing features......Page 400
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Dependovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 401
Biological properties......Page 402
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 403
Unclassified vertebrate parvoviruses......Page 404
List of species in the genus Iteravirus......Page 405
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Brevidensovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 406
List of species in the genus Densovirus......Page 407
Genome organization and replication......Page 408
List of other related viruses which may be members of the subfamily Densovirinae but have not yet been approved as a genus  .........Page 409
Derivation of names......Page 410
Further reading......Page 411
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 413
Genome organization and replication......Page 414
Biological properties......Page 415
Genome organization and replication......Page 416
List of species in the genus Caulimovirus......Page 417
Biological properties......Page 418
Genome organization and replication......Page 419
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Soymovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 420
Biological properties......Page 421
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 422
List of species in the genus Badnavirus......Page 423
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Badnavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 424
Genome organization and replication......Page 425
Derivation of names......Page 426
Further reading......Page 427
Morphology......Page 428
Lipids......Page 429
Genome organization and replication......Page 430
Antigenic properties......Page 432
Distinguishing features......Page 433
Biological properties......Page 434
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Orthohepadnavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 435
Distinguishing features......Page 436
Phylogenetic relationships within the family Hepadnaviridae......Page 437
Further reading......Page 438
Carbohydrates......Page 439
Genome organization and replication......Page 440
Biological properties......Page 441
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 442
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Metavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 443
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 444
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 446
Similarity with other taxa......Page 447
Further reading......Page 448
Proteins......Page 449
Antigenic properties......Page 450
Genome organization and replication......Page 451
Biological properties......Page 452
Distinguishing features......Page 453
Distinguishing features......Page 454
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Sirevirus but have not been approved as species......Page 455
List of unassigned species in the family Pseudoviridae......Page 456
Similarity with other taxa......Page 457
Further reading......Page 458
Morphology......Page 459
Genome organization and replication......Page 460
Biological properties......Page 462
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 463
Distinguishing features......Page 464
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 465
Distinguishing features......Page 466
List of species in the genus Gammaretrovirus......Page 467
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 468
Distinguishing features......Page 469
List of species in the genus Epsilonretrovirus......Page 470
Distinguishing features......Page 471
List of species in the genus Lentivirus......Page 472
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Lentivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 473
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 474
Phylogenetic relationships within the family Retroviridae......Page 475
Further reading......Page 476
Nucleic acid......Page 478
Genome organization and replication......Page 479
Biological properties......Page 482
Biological properties......Page 483
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 484
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Birnaviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 485
Further reading......Page 486
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 487
Carbohydrates......Page 488
List of species in the genus Chrysovirus......Page 489
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 490
Further reading......Page 491
Nucleic acid......Page 492
Genome organization and replication......Page 493
List of species in the genus Cystovirus......Page 494
Further reading......Page 495
Antigenic properties......Page 496
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Endornavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 497
Further reading......Page 498
Carbohydrates......Page 499
Morphology......Page 500
Genome organization and replication......Page 501
List of species in the genus Partitivirus......Page 502
Morphology......Page 503
List of species in the genus Alphacryptovirus......Page 504
Morphology......Page 505
List of species in the genus Betacryptovirus......Page 506
Nucleic acid......Page 507
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 508
Further reading......Page 510
Lipids......Page 511
Natural host range......Page 512
Similarity with other taxa......Page 513
Further reading......Page 514
Morphology......Page 516
Genome organization and replication......Page 518
Genus and species demarcation criteria in the family......Page 520
Morphology......Page 521
Proteins......Page 523
Genome organization and replication......Page 525
Biological properties......Page 527
List of species in the genus Orthoreovirus......Page 528
Distinguishing features......Page 529
Nucleic acid......Page 530
Genome organization and replication......Page 532
Antigenic properties......Page 533
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Aquareovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 534
Morphology......Page 535
Antigenic properties......Page 536
List of species in the genus Oryzavirus......Page 537
Nucleic acid......Page 538
Proteins......Page 539
Biological properties......Page 540
List of species in the genus Fijivirus......Page 541
Distinguishing features......Page 542
Nucleic acid......Page 543
Genome organization and replication......Page 544
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus and with other genera of family Reoviridae......Page 546
Morphology......Page 547
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 548
Carbohydrates......Page 549
Biological properties......Page 552
List of species in the genus Cypovirus......Page 553
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Cypovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 554
Morphology......Page 555
Nucleic acid......Page 556
Biological properties......Page 557
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Idnoreovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 558
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 559
Genome organization and replication......Page 560
Biological properties......Page 561
Phylogenetic relationships with other taxa......Page 562
Nucleic acid......Page 563
Genome organization and replication......Page 564
Biological properties......Page 565
List of species in the genus Coltivirus......Page 566
Distinguishing features......Page 567
Morphology......Page 568
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 569
Proteins......Page 570
Genome organization and replication......Page 572
Biological properties......Page 574
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 575
List of species in the genus Orbivirus......Page 576
Distinguishing features......Page 578
Morphology......Page 579
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 581
Nucleic acid......Page 582
Proteins......Page 583
Antigenic properties......Page 586
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 587
Distinguishing features......Page 588
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 589
Nucleic acid......Page 591
Proteins......Page 592
Genome organization and replication......Page 593
List of species in the genus Seadornavirus......Page 594
Morphology......Page 595
Nucleic acid......Page 596
Proteins......Page 597
Carbohydrates......Page 598
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 599
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus......Page 600
Distinguishing features......Page 601
Genome organization and replication......Page 602
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus and with other members of subfamily Sedoreovirinae......Page 603
Nucleic acid......Page 604
Genome organization and replication......Page 606
Biological properties......Page 607
Phylogenetic relationships in the family......Page 608
Derivation of names......Page 611
Further reading......Page 612
Genome organization and replication......Page 613
Proteins......Page 614
Host range......Page 615
List of species in the genus Totivirus......Page 616
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 617
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 618
Genome organization and replication......Page 619
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Giardiavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 620
Biological properties......Page 621
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Totiviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 622
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 623
Further reading......Page 624
Nucleic acid......Page 625
The Subviral Agents......Page 0
Genome organization and replication......Page 626
Derivation of names......Page 628
Further reading......Page 629
Nucleic acid......Page 630
Genome organization and replication......Page 631
Biological properties......Page 634
Further reading......Page 635
Carbohydrates......Page 637
Genome organization and replication......Page 638
Antigenic and genetic properties......Page 639
Biological properties......Page 640
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 641
Derivation of names......Page 642
Further reading......Page 643
Proteins......Page 644
Lipids......Page 645
Biological properties......Page 646
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 648
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 649
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 650
Distinguishing features......Page 651
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 652
Distinguishing features......Page 653
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Pneumovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 654
Similarity with other taxa......Page 655
Further reading......Page 656
Proteins......Page 658
Genome organization and replication......Page 660
Morphology......Page 663
Proteins......Page 664
Antigenic properties......Page 665
Biological properties......Page 666
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Vesiculovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 667
Nucleic acid......Page 668
Biological properties......Page 669
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 670
Distinguishing features......Page 671
Antigenic properties......Page 672
Distinguishing features......Page 673
Biological properties......Page 674
Distinguishing features......Page 675
Distinguishing features......Page 676
List of species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus......Page 677
Genome organization and replication......Page 678
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 679
List of unassigned species in the family Rhabdoviridae......Page 680
List of other related animal viruses which may be members of the family Rhabdoviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 681
List of other related plant viruses which may be members of the family Rhabdoviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 683
Further reading......Page 684
Proteins......Page 686
Genome organization and replication......Page 687
Antigenic properties......Page 688
Biological properties......Page 689
List of species in the genus Arenavirus......Page 690
Phylogenetic relationships within the family Arenaviridae......Page 692
Further reading......Page 694
Nucleic acid......Page 695
Genome organization and replication......Page 696
Biological properties......Page 698
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 699
List of species in the genus Orthobunyavirus......Page 700
Distinguishing features......Page 701
List of species in the genus Hantavirus......Page 702
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Hantavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 703
Distinguishing features......Page 704
Distinguishing features......Page 705
List of species in the genus Phlebovirus......Page 706
Distinguishing features......Page 707
List of species in the genus Tospovirus......Page 708
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Bunyaviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 709
Derivation of names......Page 710
Further reading......Page 711
Carbohydrates......Page 712
Biological properties......Page 713
List of species in the genus Ophiovirus......Page 714
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 715
Similarity with other taxa (Figure 4)......Page 716
Further reading......Page 717
Proteins......Page 718
Genome organization and replication......Page 719
Biological properties......Page 720
Antigenic properties......Page 722
Biological properties......Page 723
Antigenic properties......Page 724
Biological properties......Page 725
Biological properties......Page 726
Distinguishing features......Page 727
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Orthomyxoviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 728
Further reading......Page 730
Genus Deltavirus......Page 731
Genus Emaravirus......Page 735
Genus Tenuivirus......Page 738
Genus Varicosavirus......Page 744
Morphology......Page 749
Proteins......Page 750
Genome organization......Page 753
Synthesis of genomic and subgenomic rnas......Page 754
Biological properties......Page 756
Similarity with other taxa......Page 757
Note added in proof......Page 758
Further reading......Page 759
Proteins......Page 760
Lipids......Page 761
Carbohydrates......Page 763
Genome organization and replication......Page 764
Nonstructural proteins......Page 765
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 767
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Arterivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 768
Further reading......Page 769
Distinguishing features......Page 770
Demarcation criteria for genera and species......Page 773
Taxonomic structure of the subfamily......Page 774
Proteins......Page 775
Genome organization and replication......Page 776
Antigenic properties......Page 777
Biological properties......Page 778
Distinguishing features......Page 779
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Alphacoronavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 780
List of species in the genus Betacoronavirus......Page 781
List of other related viruses which may be members of the subfamily Coronavirinae but have not been approved as species......Page 783
Morphology......Page 784
Proteins......Page 785
Biological properties......Page 786
Nucleic acid......Page 789
Genome organization and replication......Page 790
Phylogenetic relationships within the family Coronoviridae......Page 791
Further reading
Journals and books......Page 792
Carbohydrates......Page 793
Genome organization and replication......Page 794
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 796
Further reading......Page 797
Morphology......Page 799
Genome organization and replication......Page 800
Phylogenetic relationships within the order......Page 802
Further reading......Page 803
Proteins......Page 804
Biological properties......Page 805
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Cripavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 806
Distinguishing features......Page 807
List of species in the genus Aparavirus......Page 808
Further reading......Page 809
Proteins......Page 810
Biological properties......Page 811
Derivation of name......Page 812
Further reading......Page 813
Genome organization and replication......Page 814
Biological properties......Page 815
Similarity with other taxa......Page 816
Further reading......Page 818
Nucleic acid......Page 819
Genome organization and replication......Page 820
Biological properties......Page 822
Nucleic acid......Page 823
List of species in the genus Enterovirus......Page 824
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Enterovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 825
Biological properties......Page 826
Nucleic acid......Page 827
List of species in the genus Aphthovirus......Page 828
Biological properties......Page 829
Genome organization and replication......Page 830
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Parechovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 831
List of species in the genus Erbovirus......Page 832
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 833
Biological properties......Page 834
Genome organization and replication......Page 835
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 836
Distinguishing features......Page 837
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Tremovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 838
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Avihepatovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 839
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Picornaviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 840
Similarity with other taxa......Page 843
Further reading......Page 844
Proteins......Page 845
Genome organization and replication......Page 846
Genus demarcation criteria in the family......Page 848
Species demarcation criteria......Page 849
Distinguishing features......Page 851
List of species in the genus Comovirus......Page 852
Distinguishing features......Page 853
Distinguishing features......Page 854
List of species in the genus Nepovirus......Page 855
Distinguishing features......Page 857
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Sadwavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 858
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Torradovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 859
Distinguishing features......Page 860
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 861
Similarity with other taxa......Page 862
Further reading......Page 863
Nucleic acid......Page 864
Derivation of name......Page 865
Further reading......Page 866
Genome organization and replication......Page 867
Morphology......Page 868
Genome organization and replication......Page 869
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Allexivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 870
List of species in the genus Botrexvirus......Page 871
Genome organization and replication......Page 872
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Lolavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 873
Antigenic properties......Page 874
Nucleic acid......Page 875
Genome organization and replication......Page 876
List of species in the genus Potexvirus......Page 877
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Potexvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 878
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Alphaflexiviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 879
Further reading......Page 882
Genome organization and replication......Page 883
Biological properties......Page 884
Genome organization and replication......Page 885
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Capillovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 886
Genome organization and replication......Page 887
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 888
List of species in the genus Carlavirus......Page 889
Distinguishing features......Page 890
Host range......Page 891
Proteins......Page 892
Host range......Page 893
Distinguishing features......Page 894
Genome organization and replication......Page 895
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 896
Morphology......Page 897
Antigenic properties......Page 898
List of species in the genus Vitivirus......Page 899
Derivation of names......Page 900
Further reading......Page 904
Biological properties......Page 905
Further reading......Page 906
Nucleic acid......Page 907
Geographical distribution......Page 908
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 909
List of species in the genus Tymovirus......Page 910
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 911
Distinguishing features......Page 912
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 913
Similarity with other taxa......Page 914
Further reading......Page 915
Antigenic properties......Page 916
Biological properties......Page 917
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 918
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 919
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Mamastrovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 920
Derivation of names......Page 921
Further reading......Page 922
Antigenic properties......Page 923
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Barnavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 924
Further reading......Page 925
Genome organization and replication......Page 927
Antigenic properties......Page 928
Distinguishing features......Page 929
Genome organization and replication......Page 930
Antigenic properties......Page 931
Distinguishing features......Page 932
List of species in the genus Cucumovirus......Page 933
Biological properties......Page 934
List of species in the genus Ilarvirus......Page 935
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Ilarvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 936
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Oleavirus but have not been approved as species......Page 937
Further reading......Page 938
Nucleic acid......Page 939
Antigenic properties......Page 940
Biological properties......Page 941
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Vesivirus but have not been approved as species......Page 942
Distinguishing features......Page 943
Distinguishing features......Page 944
Biological properties......Page 945
Similarity with other taxa......Page 946
Further reading......Page 947
Genome organization and replication......Page 949
Biological properties......Page 951
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 953
Biological properties......Page 954
List of species in the genus Closterovirus......Page 955
Genome organization and replication......Page 956
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 957
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 958
Antigenic properties......Page 959
List of species in the genus Crinivirus......Page 960
Similarity with other taxa......Page 961
Further reading......Page 962
Genome organization and replication......Page 964
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 965
Genome organization and replication......Page 966
Transmission......Page 967
List of species in the genus Flavivirus......Page 968
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 971
Genome organization and replication......Page 972
Antigenic properties......Page 973
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 974
Morphology......Page 975
Carbohydrates......Page 976
Host range......Page 977
List of species in the genus Hepacivirus......Page 978
Divergent members of the family Flaviviridae: evidence for a possible fourth genus......Page 979
Further reading......Page 981
Nucleic acid......Page 982
Proteins......Page 983
Genome organization and replication......Page 984
List of species in the genus Hepevirus......Page 985
Derivation of name......Page 988
Further reading......Page 989
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 990
Proteins......Page 991
Biological properties......Page 992
Further reading......Page 993
Genome organization and replication......Page 995
Antigenic properties......Page 996
Distinguishing features......Page 997
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 998
Genome organization and replication......Page 999
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1000
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Leviviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 1001
Further reading......Page 1003
Genome organization and replication......Page 1004
Antigenic properties......Page 1005
Host range......Page 1006
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1007
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1008
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1009
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Luteoviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 1010
Similarity with other taxa......Page 1011
Further reading......Page 1012
Genome organization and replication......Page 1013
List of species in the genus Narnavirus......Page 1014
Biological properties......Page 1015
Similarity with other taxa......Page 1016
Derivation of names......Page 1017
Further reading......Page 1018
Genome organization and replication......Page 1019
Antigenic properties......Page 1020
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1021
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1022
Host range......Page 1023
List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Nodaviridae but have not been approved as species......Page 1024
Further reading......Page 1025
Genome organization and replication......Page 1026
Antigenic properties......Page 1027
Species demarcation criteria......Page 1028
List of species in the genus Potyvirus......Page 1029
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Potyvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1034
Host range......Page 1035
Genome organization and replication......Page 1036
List of species in the genus Ipomovirus......Page 1037
List of species in the genus Macluravirus......Page 1038
Antigenic properties......Page 1039
Genome organization and replication......Page 1040
Distinguishing features......Page 1041
Cytology......Page 1042
List of unassigned species in the family Potyviridae......Page 1043
Similarity with other taxa......Page 1044
Further reading......Page 1045
Proteins......Page 1047
Host range......Page 1048
List of species in the genus Betatetravirus......Page 1050
Lipids......Page 1051
Genome organization and replication......Page 1052
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Omegatetravirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1053
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 1054
Similarity with other taxa......Page 1055
Further reading......Page 1057
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1059
Genome organization and replication......Page 1060
Distinguishing features......Page 1061
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1062
List of species in the genus Alphavirus......Page 1063
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 1064
Further reading......Page 1065
Carbohydrates......Page 1067
Genome organization and replication......Page 1068
Distinguishing features......Page 1070
Genome organization and replication......Page 1071
Host range......Page 1072
List of species in the genus Tombusvirus......Page 1073
Nucleic acid......Page 1074
Genome organization and replication......Page 1075
List of species in the genus Dianthovirus......Page 1076
Nucleic acid......Page 1077
Host range......Page 1078
Distinguishing features......Page 1079
Host range......Page 1080
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1081
Antigenic properties......Page 1082
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1083
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Carmovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1084
Nucleic acid......Page 1085
Transmission......Page 1086
Distinguishing features......Page 1087
Antigenic properties......Page 1088
List of species in the genus Panicovirus......Page 1089
Nucleic acid......Page 1090
Geographic distribution......Page 1091
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 1092
Further reading......Page 1094
Antigenic properties......Page 1095
Nucleic acid......Page 1096
Host range......Page 1097
List of species in the genus Furovirus......Page 1098
Morphology......Page 1099
Genome organization and replication......Page 1100
Host range......Page 1101
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1102
Genome organization and replication......Page 1103
Host range......Page 1104
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Pecluvirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1105
Proteins......Page 1106
Cytopathic effects......Page 1107
List of species in the genus Pomovirus......Page 1108
Genome organization and replication......Page 1109
Antigenic properties......Page 1110
List of species in the genus Tobamovirus......Page 1111
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1112
Genome organization and replication......Page 1113
Biological properties......Page 1114
Phylogenetic relationships within the family......Page 1115
Further reading......Page 1117
Genome organization and replication......Page 1119
Biological properties......Page 1120
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1121
Derivation of name......Page 1122
Further reading......Page 1124
Genome organization and replication......Page 1125
Biological properties......Page 1126
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Cilevirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1127
Further reading......Page 1128
Biological properties......Page 1129
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1130
Carbohydrates......Page 1131
Species demarcation criteria in the genus......Page 1132
Derivation of names......Page 1133
Further reading......Page 1134
Biological properties......Page 1135
Derivation of name......Page 1136
Further reading......Page 1138
Proteins......Page 1139
Transmission......Page 1140
List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Sobemovirus but have not been approved as species......Page 1141
Further reading......Page 1142
Lipids......Page 1144
Genome organization and replication......Page 1145
Pathogenicity......Page 1146
Derivation of names......Page 1147
Further reading......Page 1148
110science......Page 1149
Distinguishing features......Page 1158
List of group members......Page 1159
6a. Alphasatellites......Page 1160
6b. Betasatellites......Page 1161
List of group members......Page 1162
8a. Large linear single stranded satellite RNAs......Page 1163
List of group members......Page 1164
List of group members......Page 1165
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1167
Genome organization and replication......Page 1168
Transmission......Page 1169
Taxonomic structure of the family......Page 1171
Distinguishing features......Page 1172
List of species in the genus Pelamoviroid......Page 1173
Biological properties......Page 1174
Biological properties......Page 1175
Biological properties......Page 1176
List of other related viroids which may be members of the genus Cocadviroid but have not been approved as species......Page 1177
Distinguishing features......Page 1178
Further reading......Page 1179
Proteins......Page 1181
Genome organization and replication......Page 1182
Biological properties......Page 1183
Physicochemical and physical properties......Page 1184
Biological properties......Page 1185
Genome organization and replication......Page 1186
Distinguishing features......Page 1187
Morphology......Page 1188
Distinguishing features......Page 1189
Similarity with other taxa......Page 1190
Further reading......Page 1191
Mammalian prion diseases......Page 1192
Human prion diseases......Page 1193
PrPSc......Page 1194
Proteins......Page 1195
Lipids......Page 1196
Replication......Page 1197
Antigenic properties......Page 1198
Polymorphisms in PrP genes......Page 1199
Taxonomic considerations of mammalian prions......Page 1201
PrP orthologs: Doppel and Shadoo......Page 1203
III The ICTV......Page 1205
Officers and Members of the ICTV......Page 1206
116science......Page 1221
Virus Index......Page 1222
Taxonomic Index......Page 1223
Virus Index......Page 1226
Taxonomic Index
......Page 1271