Medicinal Mushrooms - Cancer treatments

front_page......Page 1
Bibliography......Page 2
Grifola frondosa......Page 0
JOHN E SMITH BSc MSc PhD DSc FIBiol FRSE......Page 3
RICHARD SULLIVAN BSc MD PhD......Page 4
Acknowledgements......Page 5
PREAMBLE......Page 6
EXECUTIVE  SUMMARY......Page 10
Synopsis......Page 19
Medicinal mushrooms......Page 22
References......Page 27
Introduction......Page 29
Table 2  Some poisonous mushroom species in Britain......Page 33
How mushrooms grow in nature......Page 34
Mushrooms and historical uses......Page 36
References......Page 41
chapt3_a......Page 42
chapt3_b......Page 52
chapt3_c......Page 62
Flammulina velutipes......Page 63
Pleurotus ostreatus......Page 65
Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor......Page 68
Tremella mesenterica and T. fuciformis......Page 70
Cordyceps sinensis and C. sobolifera......Page 72
Schizophyllum commune......Page 74
Agaricus blazei......Page 76
References......Page 77
Introduction......Page 82
Table 1   World Production of Cultivated Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms in Different Years (Chang, 1999b)......Page 84
China......Page 86
Mushroom cultivation technology......Page 87
Strain selection and maintenance:......Page 88
Spawn production:......Page 89
Mushroom production – Log Culture:......Page 90
Mushroom production – enriched sawdust culture:......Page 91
Crop management for production:......Page 94
Mycelial production – liquid tank fermentation......Page 95
References......Page 96
Synopsis......Page 98
Polysaccharides......Page 99
Table 1  Antitumour active polysaccharides isolated from medicinal higher Basidiomycete mushrooms (from Wasser and Weis, 1999b).......Page 101
T......Page 105
Extraction, fractionation, purification and chemical modification......Page 107
(-D-glucans......Page 110
Active Hexose Correlated Compounds (AHCC)......Page 117
Dietary Fibre......Page 118
Terpenoids......Page 119
Medicinal mushrooms and the human immune response......Page 124
Immuno-modulating effects of Lentinus edodes mycelium (LEM) extract and Lentinan......Page 129
in vitro......Page 131
Immunomodulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum......Page 136
Immunomodulating effects of polysaccharides PSP and PSK from Trametes versicolor......Page 140
Schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune......Page 145
Grifolan from Grifola frondosa......Page 146
Evidence for (-glucan receptor binding of immune cells......Page 149
References......Page 151
INTRODUCTION......Page 160
Lentinus edodes......Page 163
Schizophyllum commune......Page 168
Grifola frondosa extracts......Page 169
Phellinus linteus......Page 172
Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC)......Page 173
Ganoderma lucidum......Page 174
PSK and gastric cancer:......Page 178
PSK and other cancers......Page 180
PSP and clinical trials......Page 181
Pre-clinical......Page 184
Other Medicinal Mushrooms......Page 186
Clinical......Page 187
Cardiovascular and hypercholesterolemia effects......Page 196
Auricularia auricula-judae......Page 200
Agaricus bisporus......Page 201
Antimicrobial effects......Page 202
Cryptococcus neoformans......Page 205
Antioxidant , anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging activities and the ageing process......Page 206
Hepatoprotective effects......Page 208
Efficacy......Page 209
References......Page 210
Synopsis......Page 217
Regulatory Environment for Dietary Supplements......Page 219
The European Situation......Page 220
The Japanese Situation......Page 224
The United States Situation......Page 225
Dietary supplements from medicinal mushrooms......Page 227
References......Page 233
The effect of purified polysaccharides on immunostimulation and cancer therapy......Page 236
The effect of whole medical mushrooms and concentrated extracts (dietary supplements) as functional foods......Page 242
Overview of the human immune system......Page 251
Standard antitumour activity test in Sarcoma 180/mice......Page 267
Reference......Page 268
Medicinal mushrooms and cancer chemoprevention......Page 269
References......Page 271
Appenidx 3:  Medicinal mushrooms and cancer chemoprevention......Page 273
back_page......Page 274