Learning UML 2.0

Table of Contents......Page 7
Audience......Page 11
Conventions Used in This Book......Page 12
Safari® Enabled......Page 13
From the Authors......Page 14
From Kim Hamilton......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
What’s in a Modeling Language?......Page 18
Detail Overload: Modeling with Code......Page 19
Verbosity, Ambiguity, Confusion: Modeling with Informal Languages......Page 21
Getting the Balance Right: Formal Languages......Page 24
Why UML 2.0?......Page 25
Models and Diagrams......Page 28
UML and the Software Development Process......Page 29
Views of Your Model......Page 30
Stereotypes......Page 32
Stereotype applied to classes (see Chapters 4 and 5)......Page 33
Tagged values......Page 34
Want More Information?......Page 35
Modeling Requirements: Use Cases......Page 36
Outside Your System: Actors......Page 38
Tricky actors......Page 39
Refining actors......Page 40
Use Cases......Page 41
Communication Lines......Page 42
System Boundaries......Page 43
Use Case Descriptions......Page 44
Use Case Relationships......Page 46
The <> Relationship......Page 47
Special Cases......Page 52
The <> Relationship......Page 54
Use Case Overview Diagrams......Page 56
What’s Next?......Page 57
Modeling System Workflows: Activity Diagrams......Page 59
Activity Diagram Essentials......Page 60
Activities and Actions......Page 62
Decisions and Merges......Page 63
Doing Multiple Tasks at the Same Time......Page 65
Time Events......Page 67
Calling Other Activities......Page 68
Showing Objects Passed Between Actions......Page 69
Showing Action Inputs and Outputs......Page 70
Showing Input to and Output from an Activity......Page 71
Sending and Receiving Signals......Page 72
Ending Activities and Flows......Page 73
Ending a Flow......Page 74
Partitions (or Swimlanes)......Page 75
Connectors......Page 76
What’s Next?......Page 78
What Is a Class?......Page 79
Abstraction......Page 81
Encapsulation......Page 82
Visibility......Page 83
Public Visibility......Page 84
Protected Visibility......Page 85
Package Visibility......Page 86
Private Visibility......Page 87
Class State: Attributes......Page 88
Name and Type......Page 89
Multiplicity......Page 90
Attribute Properties......Page 91
Inline Attributes Versus Attributes by Association......Page 92
Class Behavior: Operations......Page 93
Return Types......Page 94
Static Parts of Your Classes......Page 95
What’s Next......Page 98
Class Relationships......Page 99
Dependency......Page 100
Association......Page 101
Association classes......Page 102
Aggregation......Page 103
Generalization (Otherwise Known as Inheritance)......Page 104
Generalization and implementation reuse......Page 105
Multiple inheritance......Page 106
Constraints......Page 107
Abstract Classes......Page 108
Interfaces......Page 112
Templates......Page 115
What’s Next......Page 116
Object Instances......Page 117
Links and Constraints......Page 119
Binding Class Templates......Page 121
What’s Next?......Page 123
Modeling Ordered Interactions: Sequence Diagrams......Page 124
Participant Names......Page 125
Time......Page 126
Events, Signals, and Messages......Page 127
Message Signatures......Page 128
Activation Bars......Page 129
Message Arrows......Page 130
Synchronous Messages......Page 131
Asynchronous Messages......Page 132
Participant Creation and Destruction Messages......Page 134
Bringing a Use Case to Life with a Sequence Diagram......Page 136
A Top-Level Sequence Diagram......Page 137
Breaking an Interaction into Separate Participants......Page 138
Applying Participant Creation......Page 139
Applying Asynchronous Messages......Page 140
Managing Complex Interactions with Sequence Fragments......Page 142
Using a Sequence Fragment: The ref Fragment......Page 143
A Brief Overview of UML 2.0’s Fragment Types......Page 145
What’s Next?......Page 146
Participants, Links, and Messages......Page 147
Messages Occurring at the Same Time......Page 149
Sending a Message Based on a Condition......Page 150
When a Participant Sends a Message to Itself......Page 151
Fleshing out an Interaction with a Communication Diagram......Page 152
Communication Diagrams Versus Sequence Diagrams......Page 155
The Main Event......Page 156
What’s Next?......Page 159
What Do Timing Diagrams Look Like?......Page 160
Timing Constraints in System Requirements......Page 162
Applying Participants to a Timing Diagram......Page 163
States......Page 164
Time......Page 165
Exact Time Measurements and Relative Time Indicators......Page 166
A Participant’s State-Line......Page 168
Events and Messages......Page 169
Timing Constraints......Page 170
Timing Constraint Formats......Page 171
Applying Timing Constraints to States and Events......Page 172
Organizing Participants on a Timing Diagram......Page 173
An Alternate Notation......Page 175
What’s Next?......Page 178
The Parts of an Interaction Overview Diagram......Page 179
Pulling Together the Interactions......Page 181
What’s Next?......Page 187
Internal Structure......Page 189
When Class Diagrams Won’t Work......Page 190
Parts of a Class......Page 192
Connectors......Page 193
Properties......Page 194
Internal Structure Instances......Page 195
Showing How a Class Is Used......Page 196
Showing Patterns with Collaborations......Page 198
What’s Next?......Page 201
What Is a Component?......Page 202
A Basic Component in UML......Page 203
Ball and Socket Notation for Interfaces......Page 204
Stereotype Notation for Interfaces......Page 205
Showing Components Working Together......Page 206
Classes That Realize a Component......Page 208
Delegation Connectors......Page 210
Assembly Connectors......Page 211
Black-Box and White-Box Component Views......Page 212
What’s Next?......Page 213
Organizing Your Model: Packages......Page 214
Contents of a Package......Page 215
Namespaces and Classes Referring to Each Other......Page 217
Element Visibility......Page 219
Package Dependency......Page 220
Importing and Accessing Packages......Page 221
Managing Package Dependencies......Page 224
Using Packages to Organize Use Cases......Page 225
What’s Next?......Page 226
Modeling an Object’s State: State Machine Diagrams......Page 227
Essentials......Page 228
States......Page 229
Transitions......Page 230
Transition Variations......Page 231
States in Software......Page 233
Internal Behavior......Page 234
Internal Transitions......Page 235
Composite States......Page 236
Advanced Pseudostates......Page 237
Signals......Page 238
What’s Next?......Page 239
Deploying a Simple System......Page 240
Deploying an Artifact to a Node......Page 242
Tying Software to Artifacts......Page 243
Hardware and Execution Environment Nodes......Page 245
Showing Node Instances......Page 246
Communication Between Nodes......Page 247
Deployment Specifications......Page 248
When to Use a Deployment Diagram......Page 250
What’s Next?......Page 251
Object Constraint Language......Page 253
Building OCL Expressions......Page 254
Operators......Page 255
Pulling It Together......Page 256
Context......Page 257
Types of Constraints......Page 259
OCL Automation......Page 260
What Is a Profile?......Page 261
Stereotypes......Page 262
Tagged Values......Page 263
Creating a Profile......Page 264
Working with the Meta-Model......Page 265
Using a Profile......Page 266
Why Bother with Profiles?......Page 267
A History of UML......Page 268
…with a Sprinkling of OOSE…......Page 269
…and Bake for 10 to 15 Years......Page 271
Index......Page 275